Kend\u00f3 \u2013 cesta me\u010de. \u0160ermov\u00e1n\u00ed v Japonsku vych\u00e1z\u00ed z technik pou\u017eit\u00ed obouru\u010dn\u00edho me\u010de, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval japonsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk samuraj.<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1zev Kend\u00f3 je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobu a vyjad\u0159uje spojen\u00ed spiritu\u00e1ln\u00ed discipl\u00edny se \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdmi technikami. Nejprve byl v Japonsku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n dvoub\u0159it\u00fd rovn\u00fd me\u010d a to v obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dynastie Sui ( 589-619) a na po\u010d\u00e1tku dynastie Tang (618-907). V 9. stolet\u00ed (obdob\u00ed Heian) se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat jednob\u0159it\u00fd zak\u0159iven\u00fd me\u010d. Ustanoven\u00edm \u0161\u00f3gun\u00e1tu Kamakura (1185-1332) a vzestupuj\u00edc\u00ed moc a s\u00edla vojensk\u00e9 aristokracie p\u0159isp\u011blo v\u00fdznamnou m\u011brou k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obliby a nutnosti \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch technik. Obdob\u00ed Muromachi (1333-1568) pak zaznamenalo ohromn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fduky boje me\u010dem a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rodinn\u00fdch tradic. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u011bla toti\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 aristokratick\u00e1 rodina vlastn\u00ed \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159skou \u0161kolu. Do t\u00e9 doby se datuje i vznik \u0161koly Itto ryu, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na podobu dne\u0161n\u00edho Kend\u00f3. Za jej\u00edho zakladatele je pova\u017eov\u00e1n ITO Ittosai Kageshige. Od roku 1467 do roku 1600 (v\u00e1lka \u00d3nin) bylo japonsk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed zm\u00edt\u00e1no ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami a v\u00fduka Kenjutsu se stala nezbytnou pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159e t\u00e9 doby jsou \u0159azeni TSUKAHARA Takamiki-Bukuden, YAGY\u00da Munenori, ARAKI Mataemon a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b MUSASHI Miyamoto. Nastolen\u00edm shogun\u00e1tu Togukawa (1600-1867) p\u0159ineslo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sjednocen\u00ed cel\u00e9 zem\u011b a t\u00edm i ukon\u010den\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. Nastolen\u00fd m\u00edr m\u011bl za n\u00e1sledek \u00fapadek Kenjutsu, jeliko\u017e v obdob\u00ed ji\u017e nebylo p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed podm\u00edn\u011bno schopnostmi ovl\u00e1dat me\u010d. Naopak do\u0161lo k velk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu v\u00fdznamu konfucianismu, tradi\u010dn\u00edmu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Shint\u00f3 a Buddhismu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak Zenu. Kenjutsu si v\u0161ak ponechalo sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam pro cvi\u010den\u00ed a rozvoj ducha a t\u011bla. Z t\u00e9to doby je zn\u00e1mo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 \u0161kol Kenjutsu. Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch Kenjutsu se k v\u00fduce pou\u017e\u00edvalo v\u011bt\u0161inou bokut\u00f3 (d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd me\u010d), av\u0161ak po\u010d\u00e1tkem 18.stolet\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed snahy o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 by zabr\u00e1nily zran\u011bn\u00edm nebo p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 smrti.<\/p>\n

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V t\u00e9to dob\u011b NAKANISHI Chuta vynalezl ochranu t\u011bla, ale i cvi\u010dn\u00fd me\u010d – shinai, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en z bambusov\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bpin v l\u00e1tkov\u00e9m obalu. To p\u0159ineslo mo\u017enost nacvi\u010dovat kenjutsu s plnou silou a z\u00e1jem o Kenjutsu vzr\u016fstal.<\/p>\n

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Po restauraci Meiji (1868, obdob\u00ed Meiji 1868-1912) do\u0161lo op\u011bt k \u00fapadku z\u00e1jmu o Kenjutsu. Ov\u0161em ji\u017e v roce 1879 zavedla japonsk\u00e1 policie ve sv\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch povinnou v\u00fduku Kenjutsu a roku 1895 vznikla Celojaponsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost bojov\u00fdch ctnost\u00ed ( Dai Nihon Butokukai) za \u00fa\u010delem povzbudit a podporovat Kenjutsu a ostatn\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 bojov\u00e1 um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Roku 1911 do\u0161lo ke za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Kenjutsu do v\u00fdukov\u00fdch osnov na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch za \u00fa\u010delem rozvoje fyzick\u00e9 zdatnosti. Roku 1912 se se\u0161li p\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci tehdej\u0161\u00edho Kenjutsu a z jejich jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vyplynul z\u00e1m\u011br vytvo\u0159it z\u00e1kladn\u00ed formu v\u00fduky spole\u010dnou pro v\u0161echny, jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1kladem by byly kata p\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol Kenjutsu.<\/p>\n

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T\u00edm byly polo\u017eeny z\u00e1klady Kend\u00f3. Roku 1939 bylo Kend\u00f3 zavedeno jako samostatn\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt do japonsk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed a to ji\u017e od druh\u00e9ho stupn\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol. Pohromou pro Kend\u00f3 a ostatn\u00ed bojov\u00e1 um\u011bn\u00ed byl konec druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 strana rozhodla o zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech forem militantn\u00edho v\u00fdcviku.<\/p>\n

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Ov\u0161em ji\u017e rok 1952 p\u0159inesl vznik Zen Nihon Kend\u00f3 Renmei ( Celojaponsk\u00e1 federace kend\u00f3) a od roku 1957 se Kend\u00f3 op\u011bt vr\u00e1tilo do japonsk\u00fdch \u0161kol. Roku 1970 vznikla Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 federace Kend\u00f3 (International Kend\u00f3 Federation) a jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem je celosv\u011btov\u011b propagovat kend\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(P\u0159eklad z japonsk\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu: 2001\u00a9 KENKEN Production a Radek Lanc)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kend\u00f3 \u2013 cesta me\u010de. \u0160ermov\u00e1n\u00ed v Japonsku vych\u00e1z\u00ed z technik pou\u017eit\u00ed obouru\u010dn\u00edho me\u010de, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval japonsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk samuraj. N\u00e1zev Kend\u00f3 je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobu a vyjad\u0159uje spojen\u00ed spiritu\u00e1ln\u00ed discipl\u00edny se \u0161erm\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdmi technikami. Nejprve byl v Japonsku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n dvoub\u0159it\u00fd rovn\u00fd me\u010d a to v obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dynastie Sui ( 589-619) a na po\u010d\u00e1tku dynastie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10882,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10905"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10905"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10997,"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10905\/revisions\/10997"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fudoshinkaicb.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}